ABC Orthotic & Prosthetic Practice Exam

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• Where is the rib hump located in relation to the curve in scoliosis?
• During the midswing phase, what is the position of the knee?
• After a hip replacement surgery, a patient experiences recurrent posterior dislocation. What is the primary goal of a hip abduction orthosis?
• Under the Birke Risk Categories, which category is suitable for a patient with a neuropathic foot who has LOPS and deformity?
• What is the defining feature of a swan neck deformity?
• What is the appropriate modification for a child with CP who has -5 degrees of dorsiflexion during casting for custom AFOs?
• What is the function of the SI belt during pregnancy?
• What role do the soleus and posterior tibialis muscles serve during weight acceptance?
• In a Dens 2 (Burst) fracture, which columns are primarily affected?
• What is one indication for surgery in cases of spondylolisthesis rather than orthotic treatment?
• What modification should be made to an AFO if there is redness at the navicular on the right side?
• According to Medicare, within how many months must diabetic shoes and inserts be fit from the original visit?
• What is the main functional goal of a posterior off-set unlocked knee joint?
• What is the role of the ulnar nerve with respect to wrist flexors?
• What muscles are affected by a lower motor neuron injury to C8?
• What muscle group is primarily engaged during the terminal swing phase?
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome results from the compression of which nerve?
• Which nerve impingement is associated with winging of the scapula?
• What amount of torque should be used on the pins of a pediatric HALO?
• Which Orthosis is designed to manage spondylolisthesis in an active teenager?
• What physical evaluation method is useful for assessing tensor fascia latae tightness?
• Where does the adductor magnus muscle insert?
• What does it mean if a facility is designated as a participating supplier for Medicare?
• What is the primary orthotic goal for patients with Dens fractures?
• When does the stance phase of gait begin and end?
• What rehabilitation consideration should be factored for patients with L4 injury using an AFO?
• Which condition relates to damage in the MCP joints leading to specific orthopedic considerations?
• What are the three requirements for a free knee brace?
• A leg length discrepancy of more than what length is likely to cause symptoms?
• How far should the HALO ring be positioned above the ears and eyebrows?
• The tibial nerve provides motor function to which part of the body?
• Which muscles help resist valgus forces on the knee during single limb stance?
• What is a key description of the trim lines on a TLSO?
• What describes the tone of muscles after a lower motor neuron injury?
• When fabricating a thermoplastic articulated AFO, where should the mechanical ankle joints be placed?
• In which age group is Legg-Calve-Perthes disease most commonly diagnosed?
• What is the expected ambulation level for an individual with an L1 complete spinal cord injury?
• What condition does the Thomas test primarily assess?
• What percentage of gait is considered the stance phase?
• What position is the hip in during heel strike?
• Slipped capital femoral epiphysis more commonly occurs in which population?
• What type of orthosis is typically used for Gonarthrosis treatment?
• In a hand orthosis, what function does the C-Bar serve?
• The trim lines of a ground reaction AFO should be anterior to the malleoli to serve as what?
• Which two joints are most often affected by Charcot disease?
• An upper motor neuron injury typically results in what type of paralysis?
• True or False: Dry gangrene exhibits a poorly defined line of demarcation.
• For a patient with Fair (2/5) plantar flexion strength and good (4/5) dorsiflexion strength, which double adjustable configuration is recommended?
• What deformity is primarily considered in orthotic management for patients with Rheumatoid arthritis?
• What are the two posterior channel deficits in a double action ankle joint?
• During a fitting of a ground reaction AFO, if the patient struggles to initiate swing on the side with the orthosis, what modification is most appropriate?
• Which phase occurs just after initial contact in the gait cycle?
• In an AFO, which rocker is most affected by trimming the footplate proximal to the met heads?
• How does the progression of a neuropathic foot begin?
• What is the characteristic posture of a boutoniere deformity?
• Recovery in complete spinal cord injuries can be expected below which vertebral level?
• Damage to which nerve is most commonly associated with scapular winging?
• For a knee flexion contracture, which knee joint is most appropriate when designing a KAFO?
• What material specification is necessary for a depth shoe?
• What characterizes avascular necrosis?
• Which plane is a burst fracture most unstable in?
• What are infection control practices that prevent disease transmission through contact with blood and bodily fluids referred to as?
• Who should read the material safety data sheets in a facility?
• In scoliosis, towards which side does the spinous process typically deviate?
• What damage occurs in a Dens 3 Chance fracture?
• For how long must a practitioner provide adjustments or repairs at no charge to a Medicare beneficiary after providing a device?
• Which of the following reflects the medical consequences of a Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
• Which muscles assist with wrist extension?
• Which muscle is primarily responsible for rotating the thumb to touch the tips of the index and middle fingers?
• What torque should be applied to the superstructure of a HALO?
• Which type of diabetes is classified as insulin-dependent?
• What are the four requirements for an AFO to be covered through Medicare for non-ambulation?
• What is the typical position of the MCPs when casting for a WHO?
• What are the correct joint positions when casting for a wrist-hand orthosis (WHO)?
• The axillary nerve primarily carries fibers from which levels of spinal nerves?
• Which muscle is NOT typically affected by a lower motor neuron injury to C5?
• Which muscles provide pelvic stabilization during single limb balance?
• Where is the location of a pars fracture?
• What sensory disturbances may be present with lower motor neuron injury?
• What is the normal ROM for radial deviation of the wrist?
• What is another name for a pars fracture?
• What action is likely expected from the physician for a child who has outgrown their cranial remolding orthosis after 8 months?
• Which hormone is released during pregnancy that increases connective tissue elasticity?
• What is Gonarthrosis primarily associated with?
• What is a potential consequence of an L1 spinal cord injury without proper orthotic support?
• In a double action ankle joint, which condition can result from anterior channel deficits?
• What percentage of gait is designated as the swing phase?
• What characterizes the limb position in a patient with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?
• For a TLSO, which anatomical areas do the posterior trim lines connect?
• What configuration would you use for plantarflexion spasticity?
• Which best describes the extension synergy pattern of the leg?
• What does the Ober test check for?
• Which of the following best defines the heel strike phase of gait?
• Which phase of gait represents approximately 60% of the gait cycle?
• What is a common example of a lower motor neuron injury?
• Coxarthrosis can lead to which major issue?
• What is the tenodesis effect?
• What is the primary benefit of using a spring over a rod in a double action ankle joint?
• What is the congenital abnormality of the spine characterized by the incomplete development of one side of the vertebra?
• What adjustment would be appropriate for shoes designed for claw toes on a neuropathic foot?
• What is the normal ROM for ulnar deviation of the wrist?
• What two muscles form the borders of the anatomical snuff box?
• What deficit is primarily responsible for causing a foot slap during gait?
• Where do the wrist flexor muscles originate?
• What range of motion is typically required at the knee for effective stair climbing?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of lower motor neuron injury?
• What describes a flexion synergy pattern of the arm?
• Which muscles are part of the radial deviators?
• Which ankle action is primarily responsible for shock absorption during the loading response phase of gait?
• Which symptom is most commonly associated with avascular necrosis of the hip?
• What is the best alternative for a patient unable to tolerate a CASH orthosis due to abdominal pressure?
• What is the most common symptom of Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) syndrome?
• What is the typical limit for degrees of radial deviation in the wrist?
• What forces act on the knee during single limb stance?
• For heavy duty knee joints to be covered by Medicare, what is the minimum weight a patient must exceed?
• On a HALO, should the headblocks be positioned above or below the ring?
• Which level of sensation risk classification indicates no loss of protective sensation (LOPS)?
• What is the role of gluteus medius during single limb balance?
• What type of onset age is generally noted for slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
• What joint positions are typically involved in the functional position of the hand?
• A lower motor neuron injury at T1 affects which muscles?
• What additional component accompanies an opponens orthosis for treating an ulnar nerve lesion at the wrist?
• What grades of the Wagner Ulcer indicate skin integrity?
• Which assessment covers muscle strength in a musculoskeletal exam?
• True or False: The majority of amputations are caused by gangrene.
• What percentage is typically seen in males to females in cases of slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
• Which organization oversees the rules relating to the safe use of potentially hazardous materials in orthotic fabrication?
• According to Medicare, what four justifications are needed for a wedge addition to a shoe?
• Which columns are damaged in a Dens 1 (anterior compression) fracture?
• A lower motor neuron injury primarily causes which type of paralysis?
• What characterizes a boutonniere deformity?
• Which muscles are specifically active during the weight acceptance phase of gait?
• Where in the nervous system does Poliomyelitis primarily affect?
• In which type of diabetes does the body typically become resistant to insulin?
• Which of the following would likely cause adhesive capsulitis?
• A lower motor neuron injury to C5 primarily affects which muscle group?
• Adhesive capsulitis is characterized by restriction in which movements?
• Ape hand is a term commonly used to describe which hand presentation?
• What is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis?
• What range of motion (ROM) is required for a patient to qualify for a locking knee prefab KO under Medicare?
• An anterior compression fracture of the spine involves which column(s)?
• What is the purpose of the Ober test?
• Which of the following is a key characteristic of Arthritis?
• What condition does Arthritis primarily affect?
• What thickness and shore combinations are acceptable for a prefab base layer?
• In scoliosis, to which side is the vertebral body typically distorted?
• In the management of neuropathic foot, what is recommended for a patient with LOPS but no history of ulcer?
• In the context of orthotic treatment, what does KAFO stand for?
• What is the maximum degree of knee flexion expected during the swing phase of gait?
• Coxarthrosis can be classified as primary when it is?
• What is the first step to assess during a vascular evaluation?
• What are the primary functions of weight acceptance in gait?
• Which of the following is NOT a step in a musculoskeletal exam?
• What is the sequential progression of a neuropathic foot?
• What is the maximum degree for a rear foot varus post?
• What are the primary functions of the tibialis posterior muscle?
• What is considered normal ROM for wrist flexion?
• What action primarily characterizes "weight acceptance" in the gait cycle?
• What is categorized under Level 2 in sensory risk classification?
• During single limb stance, the foot goes through what range of degrees for plantarflexion and dorsiflexion?
• What is the majority region of the foot for ulcerations to occur?
• Which muscle is primarily responsible for eccentrically controlling dorsiflexion?
• What is the action of the plantaris muscle during gait?
• Which type of orthosis is suitable for compression fractures near the thoracolumbar junction?
• How many secondary diagnoses are needed, in addition to diabetes, for Medicare coverage of shoes and inserts?
• In which of the following conditions is a Milwaukee CTLSO contraindicated?
• What degree of ulnar deviation is considered normal?
• What condition is characterized by motor neuropathy in the upper extremity and limited joint mobility?
• Why is understanding the ankle joint movements important in prosthetic design?
• What condition does an AFO assist with in patients with an L4 spinal cord injury?
• What is required for a custom-molded shoe?
• What is typically the most common location for foot ulcers?
• If a patient reports discomfort with a device fabricated at another facility, which action should you take?
• In the context of arthrosis, what does "progressive" refer to?
• What does the term "volar surface" refer to in relation to the hand?
• What is characteristic of the extension synergy pattern of the arm?
• What is the most important factor in decreasing the vertical loading of the lumbar spine?
• In assessing normal range of motion, what is the typical limit for wrist extension?
• Which muscles are affected by a lower motor neuron injury at the C6 level?
• What is the average onset age for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?
• In slipped capital femoral epiphysis, which movements are typically restricted?
• What is normal ROM for wrist extension?
• What injuries are involved in an "Unhappy Triad Injury"?
• What is the primary nerve involved in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
• What gait characteristic is observed when there is hyperextension at the knee due to a posterior channel deficit?
• What is an underlying cause of torticollis?
• At initial contact, how is the body weight line positioned in relation to the knee and ankle?
• What is the significance of capillary refill in a vascular evaluation?
• What four indications are necessary for a LSO or TLSO to be covered by Medicare?
• What configuration would you use for foot drop without spasticity?
• Which of the following is a requirement for a custom AFO/KAFO in addition to the non- ambulatory requirements for Medicare?
• What are the two anterior channel deficits in a double action ankle joint?
• How many planes of control does an orthosis for a burst fracture need to provide?
• What would indicate a Grade 3 Wagner Ulcer?
• If a lower motor neuron injury occurs at C7, which muscles are primarily affected?
• Which nerve roots are affected in Klumpke's palsy?
• What are the ulnar deviator muscles?
• Which formula represents the cranial index?
• In an adult HALO, what is the recommended torque for the pins?
• What orthosis is indicated for an L4 complete spinal cord injury?
• Where do the anterior trim lines of a TLSO extend to?
• What is the standard lateral inferior trimline for a single piece anterior opening custom LSO?
• What might limit the range of motion (ROM) in periarthritis humeroscapularis?
• What must be included on a Detailed Written Order for orthotic or prosthetic supplies?
• The distal aspect of the tibia articulates with which two bones?
• Which deformity is characterized by PIP hyperextension and DIP flexion?
• What is the functional position of the wrist during optimal hand function?
• What is a key characteristic of periarthritis humeroscapularis?
• What type of injury does a seat belt commonly cause in terms of chance fractures?
• Which muscle is responsible for extension at the MCP joint of the fingers?
• Which of the following is a sign of a Dens fracture?
• Which of the following is NOT a common location for foot ulcers?
• What is the angle of dorsiflexion/plantarflexion at heel strike?
• How many phases are there in the gait cycle?
• What type of orthosis is recommended for an L1 complete spinal cord injury?
• For maximum efficiency, how far should the toe be above the ground during the swing phase?
• What is the typical healing time for midfoot Charcot foot?
• What is the primary goal of a corrective scoliosis orthosis for treating moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
• Which nerve innervates the wrist extensors?
• What is the most likely cause of discomfort on the plantar aspect of the feet in custom semi-rigid orthoses?
• What physical feature is commonly observed in individuals with torticollis?
• Arthrosis is characterized by which of the following?
• What is the primary role of the initial contact phase in gait?
• What is the ambulation expectation for a patient using an AFO due to weak ankle dorsiflexors?